用太阳源法测量遥测系统的品质因数G/T

阐述利用太阳源法测量遥测系统品质因数G/T的原理,提出可用于工程实际的实现方法,重点对太阳流量密度、K1因子、K2因子等参数进行分析,给出工程应用计算方法。最后,以某遥测系统为例,给出了采用太阳源法和信标塔法的测量值,并对测试结果进行比对分析。实测结果分析表明,太阳源法测得的G/T重复测试精度小于0.4 dB,与信标塔法测试结果相差小于0.6 dB。因此,太阳源法合理可行,可广泛应用于遥测系统指标测试。     

涵道气动优化设计方法

基于动量源方法进行涵道气动力的计算,分别采用响应面模型和基于神经网络模型对NASA涵道构型进行优化设计,并对优化结果采用CFD进行验证,优化结果表明两种优化方法均取得了一定的优化效果,悬停状态下,基于响应面方法,涵道拉力增加了19.4%,基于神经网络方法,涵道拉力增加了21.2%.并为了较为细致地研究涵道拉力产生的机理,在对涵道进行建模时,采用一种分区的方法,将涵道划分为6个区域,并得到了涵道拉力在此6个区域上的分布.计算结果表明:涵道唇口形成的负压是产生涵道附加拉力的主要因素,且靠近涵道内侧唇口提供的拉力占比重较大.该优化方法可以有效地应用于涵道外形的气动优化设计中.      

激光选区熔化增材制造缺陷智能监测与过程控制综述

激光选区熔化（SLM）技术被认为是最有应用前景的增材制造技术之一,已应用于航空航天、医疗器械等领域。然而,如何确保构件质量的可靠性和制造的可重复性是SLM面临的最大挑战,已被认为是限制SLM及其他金属增材制造技术发展和工业应用的最大壁垒。其中,主要原因是SLM过程中会产生难以控制的缺陷。因此,对SLM进行过程监测和实时反馈控制是解决这一挑战的重要研究方向,也已成为学术界和工业界的研究热点之一。通过对近十年该领域的文献调研,综述了金属激光增材制造中常见的冶金缺陷及其产生机理,对金属增材制造过程产生的信号及其监测手段,如声信号、光信号及热信号等进行了详细描述;总结了信号数据的处理方法,包括传统的统计处理方法和新兴的基于机器学习的智能监测方法;随后,综述了金属增材制造过程的质量控制方法,包括非闭环控制和闭环控制,并对全文进行了总结,展望了未来SLM智能监测和控制领域值得深入的研究方向。     

Microstructural evolution and hardness of as-cast Be-Al-Sc-Zr alloy processed by laser surface remelting

As-cast beryllium-aluminum (Be-Al) alloy exhibits a coarse microstructure with pore defects due to a large solidification interval, greatly limiting its mechanical properties. In this research, the relationship between laser surface remelting process and microstructure and hardness of as-cast Be-Al-Sc-Zr alloy was established. The experimental results demonstrated that a pore-free refined microstructure of remelted layer was obtained by controlling the parameter of effective laser energy input. The microstructure of as-cast Be-Al-Sc-Zr alloy consisted of equiaxed grains with Al phase forming a continuous frame wrapping Be phase, which was significantly refined in the remelted zone (from 25 μm to 2 μm). The Vickers hardness in the remelted zone (approximately 210 HV) was approximately 3 times that of as-cast Be-Al-Sc-Zr alloy. Analysis of the Vickers hardness and the Be phase size showed a good agreement with a Hall-Petch equation. In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis evidenced that Sc and Zr elements formed a single blocky phase Be₁₃(Sc_x,Zr_1-x), which was also greatly refined from 8 μm to 1.5 μm in the remelted zone. The results obtained in this study indicate that the laser surface remelting allowed refining the microstructure and further strengthening the Vickers hardness of Be-Al-Sc-Zr alloy.     

Tomography-like flow visualization of a hypersonic inward-turning inlet

The flow field in a typical inward-turning inlet was visualized using the Planar Laser Scattering (PLS) method in a shock tunnel with a nominal Mach number of 6. The opaque inlet, which is truncated at a series of sections, and the following transparent isolator, are combined to enable the optical access at different streamwise locations. The sequential PLS images provide a tomography-like flow visualization, which confirm the existence of streamwise Counter-rotating Vortex Pairs (CVPs) in both external and internal flow field of the inlet. Generation mechanisms of these CVPs are unraveled with the help of a numerical simulation, among which the cowl notch plays an important role in the generation of surface trailing CVPs along the centerline of the cowl. Moreover, the cowl shock sweeps the internal boundary layer towards the body side, which ultimately accumulates low-momentum flow on the body side in forms of a large CVP propagating downstream through the isolator. The CVPs formed in the shape-transition are responsible for the nonuniform flow field of the inward-turning inlet. This study indicates that the V-shaped cowl notch affects the downstream flow significantly and, therefore, should be examined thoroughly in practical applications.     

Influence of laser shock peening on surface integrity and tensile property of high strength low alloy steel

Laser Shock Peening (LSP) is a well-established surface treatment commonly used to improve mechanical properties of material's surfaces. To further understand the relationship between tensile property and fatigue life improvement of high strength low alloy steel in the LSP process, LSP treatment of 32CrNi high strength low alloy steel was carried out by YAG laser with pulse energy of 15 J, and tensile property was tested by electronic universal material testing machine. Surface morphology, residual stress and tensile fracture of the specimens before and after LSP were observed by white light interferometer (WLI), X-ray measuring apparatus and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Result shows that LSP did not change tensile strength of 32CrNi steel but cause yield characteristic transform from obvious yield point to no yield phenomenon which is the only factor benefiting fatigue life, indicating that the increment of fatigue life was probably related to the disappearance of yield phenomenon. Formation mechanisms of tensile fractures and yield phenomenon induced by LSP at room temperature were also discussed and completely revealed. Deeper compressive residual stress and flat grains contributed to the transition of yield characteristic and lower elongation rate of 32CrNi steel subjected to LSP.     

旋翼VPM/CFD耦合模型的建立及其在小前进比气动分析中的应用

为了提高旋翼计算流体力学（CFD）流场计算效率及克服其在尾迹捕捉上的不足,将旋翼黏性涡粒子方法（VPM）与CFD分析相结合,建立了一个新的旋翼VPM/CFD耦合气动分析模型。在该模型中,采用VPM分析以实现对旋翼尾迹中黏性涡的高效捕捉而不引入数值耗散,而采用CFD分析用于精确地模拟旋翼桨叶近体区域内复杂的流动现象,同时也为VPM分析提供一个较高精度的涡源模型。至于两者信息交换,则使用集中涡源法将CFD信息传递至VPM分析,而VPM计算得到的尾迹信息则通过边界修正施加至CFD域的远场边界上,从而可以鲁棒地实现CFD域与VPM域的耦合计算。在此基础上,对“Helishape 7A旋翼”小前进比前飞桨-涡干扰（BVI）状态进行了较为深入的气动分析,计算结果表明：与全CFD计算比较,建立的VPM/CFD耦合分析模型可以有效地避免旋翼尾迹区桨尖涡的数值耗散,从而更加可靠地捕捉桨-涡干扰状态下的桨叶非定常气动载荷脉动,同时对于本文算例,计算效率可以提高30%以上。     

Spin parameters of High Earth Orbiting satellites Etalon-1 and Etalon-2 determined from kHz Satellite Laser Ranging data

The high repetition rate Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) system developed in Graz, Austria, measures ranges to the High Earth Orbiting satellites Etalon-1 and Etalon-2 with the millimeter accuracy. The 2 kHz repetition rate of the laser and the relatively high return rates allow to use the SLR data to calculate the spin parameters of the Etalon satellites. The analysis of the 10 years (October 2003–September 2013) of the SLR data gives trends of the spin axes orientation (J2000 Inertial Reference Frame):     

基于DDS的通用扫频源设计

扫频信号源在发射与测试设备中扮演着不可缺少的角色,设计一种灵活并通用的扫频信号发生器具有非常重要的意义。分析了DDS的结构,利用两个DDS核实现了扫频信号源的设计。所设计的扫频信号源可以实现扫频速率、扫频宽度以及扫频中心频率可调,同时可选择正弦、三角与梯形三种扫频方式,可以适应多种扫频信号的需求。     

专用捷变频信号源校准系统研制

捷变频末制导雷达可有效提高武器系统的抗干扰能力,但是作为其专用测试设备的捷变频信号源的计量检定问题却难以得到有效解决。通过分析现有的测试技术,使用通用仪器设备构建测试平台,可实现专用捷变频信号源的自动计量校准。系统采用两路差频形成中频频差的检测方法进行瞬时频率测量,采用单脉冲引频激励测试技术,利用通用测试仪器实现捷变频参数的校准,将捷变频计量技术推向工程应用阶段,可避免通过研制生产专用的计量设备造成其本身难以计量的问题。